Which building material stands up best against large magnitude earthquakes?

As a few others have mentioned, it has more to do with the way structures are built rather than the material. An earthquake-resistant building constructed of marshmallow can be very successful, but it would barely resemble a building constructed of stone designed to resist earthquakes.

Strategies for large flat buildings are also very different from tall narrow buildings.

Basically, I don’t think you’re going to get the answer you’re looking for without more description.