Yes, provided that the existing plywood is in serviceable or good condition.
But, remember that you still want to nail it into the joists, not just the plywood below.
Yes, provided that the existing plywood is in serviceable or good condition.
But, remember that you still want to nail it into the joists, not just the plywood below.
Rather as several others have mentioned the Earth would have ignited as star under the force of gravity. Due to the “surface” temperatures, you’d get to experience travel as a plasma or a gas cloud.
As you moved along an essentially turbulent ocean of similar material you would notice (if somehow you retained consciousness) that while being jumbled along that the surrounding photons were constantly blowing little bits of yourself away into the space around your star. Things would be very bright and very warm. You would continue this way until you were blown away or caught in solar flare where the same would occur, only more explosively.
The tunnel size does not impact an earthquake, or at least not as a first order effect.
The collapse of a tunnel could create a sinkhole, but for most cases your tunnel very close to the surface and/or have a very large tunnel. Unless this was a large event you probably wouldn’t notice it if you didn’t see or hear it occur.
Now what does create earthquake in relationship to tunnels is pressure release. This usually occurs during the tunneling process, but outside forces can do the job just as well.
Typically this occurs where gas (typically natural gas) or liquids (typically water unless the tunnel was prospecting for something like oil) under pressure burst into the tunnel. the change in pressure can affect a sizable area like a large hydraulic ram relaxing beneath a whole area. Granted that is unlikely to affect a very large area, but it has occurred.
Another version would be frakking or similar technologies. Drill a hole and apply hydraulic pressure until something underground blows out. Here you adding pressure to a system with a sudden release. Again wide area effects are uncommon, but if you’re doing this all the time, across a large area, you will get periodic wide effects.
Most architects and historians peg the beginnings of modern architecture (now being called mid-century modern) at the founding of the Bauhaus school in Germany. So 1919.
Of course, Walter Gropius and Le Corbusier (two of the greatest modern architecture architects) were practicing before this time so you will find a few different answers.
Increasing the span decreases the loading bearing capability of the beam.
To the degree depends on the nature of the loads, but the beam moment is likely to be affected most.
Steel has a coefficient of about 10.8 and concrete about 12. As mentioned before these are pretty close. But, they are different.
In this case it is most likely that the concrete will be applying force to the steel rather than the other way around (with thermal stresses). When a material is constrained we can take the thermal change convert into amount of linear expansion and plug that into the modulus of elasticity to find out the equalizing force is to the expansion.
Basically, change in temperature creates stress within the system. If it becomes too much you see fracturing.
Generally speaking, any object less than 20 miles in length is more concerned by local conditions rather than earth curvature. And even at that, this is just the point earth curvature could become an issue.
This is a common example that engineers and material chemists love, but this is only part of the story.
Individual wood fibers are roughly as strong as mild steel. The problem is that while steel exists as roughly a whole uniform crystallin composite, wood is an aligned fiber bundle held together by a cellulose matrix called cambra. This cambra is only as strong as, well wood.
Let’s look at this another way. First off, I feel that most people understand that steel is a very strong material as long as you heat it to a point of property change (around 400F for those that care). On the other hand let’s take something very strong like carbon fiber strands. But, they are only a few inches long. And to bind them all together, Jello. You could correctly point to this object stating that it has strength characteristics that among the greatest in material science. But, in practice the fiber lengths are so short that it really comes down to the strength of the Jello, not the carbon fiber.
Wood has a similar comparison. It also explains why it is so easy to chop into pieces. While steel, you still need to chop through those crystal bonds. Good luck with that.
Most driveways are 20′ wide.
The curve may make it wider because of how it is likely to intersect your curb/street.
The slope shouldn’t make difference unless it is fairly steep.
Depending on how complicated your driveway is you may need a contractor or engineer to help you out.
Reinforced concrete and solid grouted reinforced CMU are the most fire-resistant.
Heavy steel with fireproofing is considered equivalent.
Brick masonry.
Light gauge metal framing with fireproofing.
Heavy timber (6×6 and bigger).
Light gauge metal framing without fireproofing.
Wood-framed would be the least fire-resistant.
As a side note, you need to be careful with stone, clay, and other solid materials as they vary a great deal in their fire resistances.
Also, some might note that some of these materials are incombustible, but this list is dealing roughly with fire resistance.