How do you add a door to a basement load bearing wall (load bearing, footings, etc.)?

As it appears you’ve never done this before, I urge you hire someone or bring someone along who has done this before as you really don’t want to find out what happens when you do it incorrectly. That said there are two ways to do it. The engineer way and the contractor way. The engineer …

Do embassies have to follow the host nation’s building codes?

This is typically decided by treaty and negotiation. As such, things greatly depends on who has possession of what and at what time. Many nations choose to take possession of the property first so they can dictate the terms of construction, but things do not always work out that way. If compelled for some reason, …

What is the thinnest possible floor joist? I have a low ceiling basement. I’d like to replace the current 2×10 wood joists with thinner metal joists to span 12’6″ with a ~L/400 at 40 psi. I’ve found 6″ joists, but is there anything thinner?

Firstly, that L/400 is way too high and should be L/240, and your 40 PSF is only your live load. You need your dead load too or things are going to get difficult. A 6″ floor in this scenario is using 4×6 beams at 12″ on center or 6×6 beams at 16″ on center. Yes, …

How does gas and rock merge in a protoplanetary disk? If all the material to make the planet in the same orbit is moving at the same orbital velocity, how can a few pieces of dust group together and form bigger and bigger planetesimals?

Gravity. Remember that not only does the star exert gravitational force on the debris field but so do the individual elements on each other. I read somewhere once that two baseballs places at arms length apart, call it 3′-4′, would take 3 days to come together from each other’s gravitational force. As such, the debris …

Was there infinite light, boundless darkness, or nothing at all existing before the creation of the universe?

Kind of, none of the above. By our best models the creation of the universe is exactly that, the creation of the universe. Both space and time, as we experience them start there. So, let’s look at this from another view point. Can you view all of space from an outside point of view? Well, …

What is the difference between type 3 and type 5 construction?

Type V construction is exemplified by wood-framed light commercial or residential construction. It can be superior to this and even be constructed of concrete and steel, but it only needs to meet the fire safety of wood-framed construction. Type III construction will have a heavy fire-resistant outer barrier with much lighter interior construction. You see …

Should I use pressure treated wood for a picnic table?

NO! Pressure-treated wood products are infused with poisons for incests. Normally it is used in locations that are less likely to be encounter by people. Touching it isn’t the problem, but ingesting any of the dust or liquids that have come into contact with pressure-treated lumber will eventually make you sick if you continue to …