Ian Marr·June 25, 2020Architect There are several ways to answer your question. The whole earth? The mantle makes up the bulk of the Earth, so liquid. From the ground up? By volume? That would be the atmosphere mostly, so gas. From the ground up? By mass? Either liquid (the oceans) or solid (solid matter) depending …
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You’re missing some information in your question. In order to answer this question you need to have decided the number of treads and risers. At 117″ you can have risers at about 8″, but this is steep for most people (15 risers). Most residences are around 7″ (17 risers) to 6″ (20 risers). You have …
In my field, we would probably just call that a beam. We might give an additional descriptor like flush, drop, or similar.
No. The cheapest method would be to adjust the temperature of your house the least amount possible. Other than keeping your house at an extremely different temperature from its current one, constant temperatures require constant cycling of the system. Unfortunately, this is exactly what most thermostats are designed to do because they are easier to …
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A number of persons have covered this subject, but maybe I can address it a bit differently. Pierre L’Enfant did the masterplan of Washington DC back right before 1800. This was to be the great city of the west with every detail mapped out including all future buildings and monuments. At this point, a ten …
That would be the U-value or heat transfer coefficient. It is measured in watts per sqft*Kelvin. The easiest way to find this is to look up the R-value or insulation value of a specific material per inch thickness. From there you find the inverse, which is the U-value. You can find R-value lists all over …
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Principally Douglas Fir (also Larch which is frequently marked as Douglas Fir). Less common, but still used: Hemlock Common Fir Southern Pine Spruce Also, most stair lumber is rated #1 at a minimum.
Both can be good but it will come down to the following: Environmental conditions Specific loading Relief joints – the biggest single issue if all others are equal
The height or type of building isn’t what decides pile foundations, or rather they are secondary reasons (the weight of the building). The quality of the soil on which it is placed is the primary reason. If the weight of the building exceeds the bearing capacity, has a geologic hazard, or provides an unsuitable layer …
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Most of the time it doesn’t matter, but there are three cases I know of that do: Most common is workability. The higher the slump the easier it is to move around once poured. 3″-4″ is usually taken as the baseline. Indication of water content. The water content will determine strength values during cure times. …
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